Internal Family Systems Therapy: What Research Reveals About Parts Work
The Science of Parts Work: How IFS Therapy Heals Internal Fragmentation
Have you ever noticed yourself saying "part of me wants this, but another part won't let me"? Or feeling like there's a war happening inside between different aspects of yourself?
You're not imagining it. What you're experiencing is exactly what Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy recognizes as the normal structure of the human psyche. We all have parts. The question isn't whether you have them, but whether these parts are working together harmoniously or fighting each other.
As an art therapist trained in IFS and somatic approaches, I've witnessed how powerful this model is for highly sensitive, creative people in Brooklyn and throughout New York State. When you add art therapy to parts work, those internal voices become visible, tangible, and workable in ways that talking alone cannot achieve.
What Research Says About Internal Family Systems
IFS therapy, developed by Richard Schwartz in the 1980s, is gaining significant research attention. While the evidence base is still growing, emerging studies show promising results.
Research demonstrates a decline in depressive symptoms for IFS treatment, providing preliminary evidence for IFS efficacy in treating depression. This is particularly relevant for creative, sensitive individuals whose depression often stems from internal fragmentation—parts at war with each other, creating exhaustion and despair.
A randomized controlled trial of an IFS-based intervention showed that 82 percent of participants completed the protocol, suggesting high treatment retention. People stick with IFS because it resonates and makes sense of their internal experience.
Why IFS Research Matters for Highly Sensitive People
Studies show IFS therapy is effective for anxiety sensitivity and body dysmorphia in women with childhood trauma experiences. For highly sensitive people who often experience:
Anxiety about their sensitivity itself
Shame about feeling "too much"
Internal criticism about not being "normal"
Parts that try to suppress or control their sensitivity
IFS provides a non-pathologizing framework. Your sensitivity isn't a disorder—it's often carried by a young, feeling part that needs support rather than suppression.
Understanding the IFS Model: Self and Parts
Internal Family Systems is built on a radical premise: you have a core Self that is inherently wise, compassionate, and capable of healing. This Self isn't something you need to develop or earn—it's already there, beneath all your parts.
Your parts developed to protect you or help you cope with difficult experiences:
Managers: Parts that try to control your life to prevent bad things from happening (perfectionism, people-pleasing, overthinking)
Firefighters: Parts that react when you're overwhelmed, trying to distract or numb you (substances, dissociation, compulsive behaviors)
Exiles: Young, vulnerable parts carrying pain, fear, or shame from the past
In IFS, healing doesn't mean getting rid of parts. It means helping them trust your Self to lead, so they can relax their extreme roles and find more balanced ways of being.
Why Art Therapy and IFS Are Natural Partners
Combining IFS with art therapy creates powerful synergy:
Parts Become Visible: When you draw, paint, or sculpt your parts, they're no longer abstract concepts—they're right there in front of you. You can see the angry part's red intensity, the young part's small vulnerability, the protector part's rigid armor.
Non-Verbal Communication: Parts often formed before you had sophisticated language, or they hold experiences too painful for words. Art provides a language for these parts to express themselves without verbal articulation.
Safe Distance: Creating artwork of your parts provides externalization. Your angry part is now in the drawing, not flooding your system. This creates enough safety to be curious about parts you might otherwise avoid.
Self Can Witness: When you create art from Self-energy (that calm, curious, compassionate core), you're practicing Self-leadership. Witnessing your parts through artistic expression strengthens your Self's presence.
Somatic Integration: Parts live in your body, not just your mind. Art-making engages your body—hand movements, breath, posture—helping parts release what they're holding somatically.
Research on IFS for Anxiety and Depression
The growing evidence base addresses conditions commonly experienced by highly sensitive people:
IFS for Depression: Studies show IFS helps by reducing internal criticism (harsh manager parts), accessing and comforting exiled parts carrying sadness, helping parts unburden beliefs about worthlessness, and strengthening Self-leadership so depression doesn't control your whole system.
For creative individuals whose depression often includes a harsh inner critic attacking their work and worth, IFS offers profound relief. That critical voice isn't you—it's a protective part doing its best with outdated strategies.
IFS for Anxiety: Research demonstrates effectiveness for anxiety sensitivity—essentially, anxiety about anxiety itself. IFS helps you understand that your anxiety is a part (or parts) trying to protect you, these parts developed when protection was necessary, they can learn your adult Self can handle things, and anxiety decreases when parts trust your Self to lead.
IFS for Trauma: Studies identify IFS as a promising intervention for PTSD among survivors of multiple childhood traumas. The parts model makes sense of trauma's fragmenting effects—different parts holding different aspects of traumatic experience, other parts working desperately to keep those memories contained.
Common Parts in Highly Sensitive People
In my practice with HSPs, certain parts appear frequently:
The Overwhelmed Part: A part that feels constantly flooded by stimulation and others' emotions. Often young and exhausted, this part desperately needs Self-energy to take the lead and create better boundaries.
The People-Pleaser: A manager part that learned early that your safety depended on keeping others happy. This part works overtime scanning for approval, often at the expense of your authentic needs.
The Perfectionist: Another manager convinced that if you're perfect enough, you'll finally be safe, loved, or accepted. For creatives, this part often blocks artistic expression with harsh criticism.
The Withdrawn Part: A firefighter that shuts you down and isolates you when overwhelm becomes too intense. While this part provides relief, it often keeps you from meaningful connection.
The Sensitive Child: An exile carrying the pain of being told you were "too sensitive," "too emotional," or "too much." This part holds your authentic feeling capacity along with shame about it.
The Inner Critic: A manager or firefighter that attacks you before others can, believing harsh self-judgment provides protection. Often sounds like a parent's or teacher's critical voice.
Art Therapy Techniques for Working with Parts
Parts Mapping: Create a visual map of your internal system. Draw yourself in the center (representing Self) and different parts around you. Use colors, shapes, and symbols to represent each part's quality and role. Notice which parts are close to Self, which feel distant or hidden.
Dialogue Through Drawing: Choose two parts in conflict (like your anxious part and your adventurous part). Give each part a different colored marker. Let them "talk" to each other on paper through images, words, or abstract marks. Then use a third color to have Self respond to both parts.
Sculpture Work with Parts: Using clay, create representations of different parts. The tactile, three-dimensional nature of sculpture engages different brain aspects than drawing. Many people find clay helps parts that are very young or pre-verbal express themselves.
Parts Mandala: Create a mandala where each section represents a different part of your system. Use colors, patterns, and symbols that feel right for each part. The circular container helps you see all your parts as belonging to one whole system, each with its place and purpose.
Before and After Portraits: When working with a burdened part, create two images: one showing the part carrying its burden, another showing the part after it's unburdened. This helps your system visualize healing and reinforces transformation.
Somatic IFS: Working with Parts in Your Body
Parts don't just have thoughts and feelings—they live in your body:
Body Mapping Your Parts: Draw an outline of your body and map where different parts live physically. Your anxious part might live in your chest and throat. Your people-pleaser might live in your shoulders (carrying everyone's needs). Your inner critic might create tension in your jaw.
Tracking Sensations: As you dialogue with a part, notice what happens in your body. Does your chest tighten? Do you feel warmth spreading? Does energy want to move? Create art from these sensations, giving them form and expression.
Releasing Through Movement and Art: Sometimes parts need to move energy through your body before they can communicate verbally. You might shake, stretch, or move freely, then immediately create art from that embodied state. This helps parts discharge what they're holding.
Resource Building: Use art to create somatic resources for vulnerable parts. Draw or paint what safety feels like in your body, what groundedness looks like, what support would offer. These become internal resources parts can access when triggered.
Self-Energy: The Foundation of IFS Healing
The most radical aspect of IFS is the concept of Self—your core essence that's inherently whole, wise, and compassionate. Self-energy has what Schwartz calls the "8 C's": Curiosity, Clarity, Compassion, Creativity, Calm, Confidence, Courage, and Connectedness.
When you're in Self-energy, healing happens naturally. Parts relax because they finally have a leader they can trust. Symptoms decrease because your system isn't fighting itself anymore.
Art as Self-Expression: Creating art from Self-energy feels qualitatively different from creating from a part. There's flow, curiosity, lack of judgment. Many people describe it as accessing something deeper than usual consciousness.
When you practice creating art from Self, you strengthen your Self-leadership. This translates to all areas of life—relationships become more authentic, decisions feel clearer, anxiety loses its grip.
IFS for Creative Blocks
For creative individuals, IFS offers powerful tools for understanding blocks:
The Inner Critic as Manager: That harsh voice telling you your art isn't good enough is a manager part trying to protect you from criticism or failure by criticizing you first. When you help this part trust your Self, it can become a discerning editor rather than a crushing saboteur.
The Perfectionist's Burden: Perfectionist parts often carry the burden that mistakes equal danger or rejection. Through IFS work, these parts can unburden this belief and take healthier roles—like supporting excellence without demanding impossible standards.
Exiled Creativity: Many creative people have a young part whose creativity was shamed or dismissed. This exiled part holds your authentic creative essence but is too scared to emerge. IFS helps you connect with this part, heal the original wound, and liberate your creative flow.
Combining IFS with Other Evidence-Based Approaches
IFS integrates beautifully with other modalities:
IFS + EMDR: Use IFS to identify which part is holding a traumatic memory, then use EMDR to help that part process and unburden. The combination is more targeted and often gentler than EMDR alone.
IFS + Somatic Experiencing: Track how parts hold incomplete survival responses in your body, then use somatic techniques to help those responses complete while IFS provides the relational framework.
IFS + Jungian Analysis: Jung's shadow work maps beautifully onto IFS exiles—both recognize that disowned aspects need integration rather than suppression.
IFS + Attachment Theory: The relationship between parts mirrors early attachment patterns. Healing internal attachment through IFS work often improves external relationships.
What to Expect in IFS Art Therapy Sessions
Building Relationship with Parts: Early sessions focus on helping you identify and get to know your parts. We use art to give them form and voice without judgment. The goal is curiosity, not changing them.
Accessing Self-Energy: We practice noticing when you're in Self versus when a part has taken over. Art-making from Self-energy strengthens this awareness and capacity.
Unburdening Work: When parts trust your Self enough, they can release the burdens they've been carrying (beliefs like "I'm worthless," "the world isn't safe," "I have to be perfect"). This is the deepest healing work.
System Reorganization: As parts unburden, your internal system reorganizes around Self-leadership. Symptoms that seemed intractable often resolve naturally as parts find healthier roles.
Is IFS Right for Your Healing?
IFS integrated with art therapy may be particularly helpful if you:
Feel fragmented or at war with yourself internally
Have a harsh inner critic that won't quiet down
Struggle with conflicting wants and needs
Experience parts that "take over" (dissociation)
Are a creative person who thinks in images and metaphors
Want to understand rather than just manage symptoms
Are highly sensitive and relate to having different "modes"
Have tried therapy that felt too linear or cognitive
Virtual IFS Art Therapy in New York State
IFS translates beautifully to virtual sessions. Many people prefer working with parts from home where they feel safest. You'll need basic art supplies, and I'll guide you through creative processes that help your parts emerge and heal.
Whether you're in Brooklyn, elsewhere in NYC, or anywhere in New York State, virtual IFS art therapy provides this evidence-based approach combined with creative expression.
Your Parts Are Waiting to Be Known
What you call anxiety, depression, or self-sabotage are actually parts of you doing their best to protect and help you. When you approach them with curiosity through IFS and give them form through art therapy, profound healing becomes possible.
If you're ready to stop fighting yourself and start leading your internal system with compassion, I invite you to book a free 15-minute consultation.
Offering IFS-based art therapy for highly sensitive, creative individuals in Brooklyn, NYC, and throughout New York State via secure virtual sessions.
